Government as a Social Tool or Business Partner Essay

Government as a Social Tool or Business Partner - Essay ExampleIt should be noted that when the governments prioritizes corporate subsidies and allocate less line for upbeat payments, it just emphasizes that corporations are much needy than the public. This is even more strongly felt at present that the country is operating on a tight budget. Theory then states that the clubby sector should be solely responsible for the provision of affectionate programs. This paper opts to offer an insight to this issue by facial expression at the economic argument for and against corporate welfare.It is irrefutable that corporate welfare is one of the most debated social and economic issues. The term corporate welfare is coined by Ralph Nader in 1956 in order to describe the benefits conferred on corporations as compared to any corporate payment, or goods or services provided, to the government. With this definition, Nader looks beyond the benefits conferred and costs incurred by a particular program by looking at the governments costs and benefits. For example, if a program involves the government big(a) more to private companies than it gets back, then it is considered as corporate welfare. ... Corporate welfare can take the found of direct grants to bank line, programs that provide research and other services for industries, and programs that provide subsidized loans or insurance to business. A good example is the Ohio Loan Law in 1837 which required the State to give tax revenues to private canal, turnpike, and railroad corporations while permitting them also to charge tolls (Nader 1999). Others include the Market Access Program for the agricultural department, the go on Technology Program, and Technology Reinvestment Program (Stansel n.d.). These moves emphasize these companies importance to the local government.The common argument for corporate welfare is more economic than social. It should be noted that tax perks like tax holidays and tax breaks are ordinari ly used by governments in order to encourage the inflow of foreign direct investment. This is more sheer in developing countries where the deliverance is largely dependent on foreign players. The main argument for this is that economy is dependent on business stability and that corporate development is directly linked to job yield (Perryman 1996). When tax breaks are offered, companies can operate more efficiently by cutting down on operational costs. Tax breaks are also potent ways to attract more companies thereby change magnitude the localitys production and income. The presence of corporate subsidies also ensures the stability of the business sector. When the government provides corporate welfare, it in fact, plant in ensuring that companies continue to operate efficiently. It should be noted that corporate welfare includes provision of funds, projects, and programs which aids business organizations in research and development, marketing, and in their production efforts.

A critical assessment of a marketing execution Essay - 1

A critical assessment of a marketing execution - Essay ExampleConsumers put one across power in the baby product industry because they can always go to another location. at that place ar many competitors and decision makers and Johnsons & Johnsons need to develop a corporate growth scheme to gain their penetration of current product-markets.The makeups web page is full of promotional activities to attract customers and maturation their market penetration. In order to attract customers to new class offerings, their webpage says, at Johnson & Johnsons we recognize that times are hard, so we want to help you tighten your belt this June with an automatic 10% off your membership (Johnson & Johnsons 1). The organization is also updating their facility on a continual basis to improve their facilities. Facilities like these summation market penetration.Johnsons and Johnsons marketing strategy tends to be more aggressive rather than passive, reactor or analyzer. Their ass market is n ew moms who are almost hosting the first birthday for their children. They are actively trying to accept new marketing opportunities and develop new products. They have an extensive staff with different strategic condescension units. New product development is actively pursued (Eisma 1). Part of the marketing department is advertising be after is to offer free or reduced price classes to both new and regular members. They also go out of their way to attract members who have stopped using their products. No successful marketing strategy is entirely focused on one plan. Marketers look at what is happening on a local, national, and supranational levels so that they could adapt their offerings and expand their offerings appropriately.An organizations surgical operation goals are often linked to responsibility and could involve problem-solving, innovation, or implementation of some type of improvement which might enhance current performance or prepare a group for a new role (Kokemu ller 1). They need to be

Developing Organisational Capacity (ALDI) Essay

Developing Organisational Capacity (ALDI) - Essay ExampleAn businesslike genteelness and development program for a confederacy involves systematic steps and procedures before, during, and later the training process, which must be adhered to, in order to achieve the objectives of the training and development process (Hameed & Waheed 2011). Before undertaking training, a fellowship ought to ensure that it creates a conducive environment for training and that it is able to sustain the training process. During training, it is heavy that the mind of the trainee is transformed in order to ensure utilization of training knowledge. On the other hand, after training, a company ought to ensure that the trainees have gained the necessary knowledge and skills. In addition, it is important to evaluate the training strategies and tools to ensure their effectiveness in future (Hameed & Waheed 2011). Overall, the HRM of a company must ensure effectiveness in is practice and strategies, to ach ieve company goals. Analysis of the Training and Development Processes at Aldi Aldi is one of the companies that are attached to training and development of their employees. This company follows systematic process in training and developing its employees (Brandes & Brandes 2012). ... This ensures that a company has the appropriate number of employees, with the relevant skills for their job. Workforce planning is to a fault important as it helps in the appellation of gaps in the skills of employees, and addressing them in order to achieve goals (Brandes & Brandes 2012). Since Aldi plans to expand by opening more stores, it is important that the company perform an analysis of the skills that employees will need to have. In addition, the type of training to be undertaken by employees also will need to be decided. This will help Aldi to sustain its competitiveness in the market, since the company will have employees with the right skills, thus minimal knowledge and skills gap. In additi on, this will help the company play any gaps created within its workforce due to promotions of some employees in the company (Brandes & Brandes 2012). Aldi also ensures that it employs the right population by specifying the job requirements in their vacancy advertisements. Job descriptions for employees, which are well developed, serve as a tool for communication. These bear the responsibilities of the employee, the qualifications, and experience, as well as the relationships of the specified job with other job positions (Hameed & Waheed 2011). This therefore, helps to represent the applicant a direction and determines to them whether they are relevant for the job or not. This also communicates the employers expectations of the capability employee. Nonetheless, this is important for both the company and the employees. For employees, it gives them directions about what is expected of them in the job. For the company, this ensures that the right candidates, with relevant skills ar e

Gestational diabetes and implementation Orem self-care model Research Paper

Gestational diabetes and implementation Orem self-c are model - interrogation Paper ExampleInsulin resistance in pregnant women is an adaptive change that ensures delivery of glucose from the generates system to the fetus. accord to Wada et al. (2010), placental hormones, such(prenominal) as placental growth hormone and progesterone, increases the activity of p85 in the 3T3-L1 found in adipose cells and inactivates the second messenger system responsible for insulin response. Un healthfulnessy eating habits, such as too much sugar in the diet, can cause glucose to accumulate in the perplexs blood and prolong its clearance from the system eventually leading to gestational diabetes. The complications associated with GDM include pre-eclampsia--blood squeeze above 140/90 mmHg and protein in the urine preterm labor and increased risk of infection. GDM effects on the baby include macrosomia (birth weight of 4000 to 4500 g) neonatal hypoglycemia jaundice calcium or magnesium unstable ness and stillbirth. Health Issue Each year, nearly 135,000 American women develop type 2 diabetes enchantment they are pregnant...even though their blood sugar levels were normal before gestation (Metzger, 2006, p. 243). ... The complications associated with gestational diabetes can jeopardize the health of the mother and the fetus and can lead to death. Macrosomic infants are predisposed to shoulder dislocation and suffocation while the probability that the mother will have to undergo emergency caesarean section is increased (Vidarsdottir, Geirsson, Hardardottir, Valdimarsdottir, & Daqbjartsson, 2011). According to Ekabua et al. (2005), perinatal mortality rate is highest in infants weighing 4.0 to 4.4 kg (4000 to 4400 g), as well as in macrosomic babies delivered via caesarean section. Cause of death includes obstructed labor, which cut-off the oxygen supply to the fetus and ruptured uterus that cause the mother to hemorrhage as well as cut-off the oxygen supply to the fetus (E kabua et al., 2005). According to Thadhani (2009), gestational diabetes and preeclampsia are linked to a high incidence and a high death rate during pregnancy and increases the womans predisposition to develop diabetes and cardiovascular diseases after pregnancy. Planned Intervention Prenatal anguish ensures that the pregnant woman and the fetus are healthy for the entire duration of the pregnancy. Prenatal care allows the accoucheur to detect early signs of pregnancy-induced complications, especially gestational diabetes and prevent it from causing untoward effects to the mother, as well as the fetus. Due to the increasing incidence of gestational diabetes, Leu and Zonszein (2010) suggests that early screening of all pregnant women, unless reason under the low risk group, should be employed by health care providers. Glucose tolerance prove should be administered between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy, or earlier if gestational diabetes has occurred in past

Past, Present, and Future Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Past, Present, and Future cover - Essay ExampleIn general, my major motive behind learning of this particular course of drug abuse was to develop my course as a licensed substance abuse counselor and to go community to promote healthy living habits among the people. I feel that learning is extremely important and essential be continued in order to keep our skill sharp and inculcate creativity and substructure in ourselves.Before involving in pursing course in substance abuse, my professional competencies regarding various skills such as create verbally and oral communication, problem solving, and cooperation with the other members were moderate. Notably, I had moderate communication skills both in written as well as oral forms. In my professional life I used to inculpate in evaluating technical data and apply my logical and analytical problem skills in resolving lead related issues. At the same time, I enjoyed taking challenges, I believed that challenges encountered in life not l 1some(prenominal) test our level of competency but it also prepares me to deal with challenges that might emanate in after life. Moreover, I had fair competency with respect to the information retrieval and utilization, I often used to indicate of books and journals on diverse subjects that had offered me with valuable knowledge regarding information retrieval and utilization. I firmly believe that ending setting is a crucial part of my career as well as personnel organic evolution planning. Considering my strengths and weaknesses my career goal is to become a license substance abuse counselor so that I can help the drug abuse victims and their family overcomes their sufferings. I always viewed drug abuse as one of the major problems faced by the societies across the world.Thus, it made me motivated to opt for the course and develop career that would not only benefit me but also the community. When I was working with a non-profit health

Sales management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

gross gross gross revenue management - Essay ExampleBefore the sales representatives go to the field, they have to acknowledge the approaches they can practice session to deal with different consumers. The electronic business should invest in regular training to make the operationers old(prenominal) with the products offered by the comp either. Training is also vital because it enables the sales representatives to acknowledge the sales policies and processes. near consumers are very rude. Consequently, failure to handle them makes sales representative appear rude. This may result into poor relationship amid customers and worker. Moreover, it can make the firm to lose many consumers leading to low sales. The sales representatives should be ingenious on how to ignore rude customers. For example, customers may complain about things that do not involve the sales persons such as business policy or the prices of items. Workers should let the customers complain without responding to their complaints and express their regrets for any inconvenience later. Workers should receive sufficient training on approaches to address the polite customers to maintain good relationships with such customers (Overell 2003). Managers should equally stimulate consumers to be cooperative and committed to their work. They should set strategies for motivating the workers after seeking their opinions. Some of the common ways of inspiring the workers entail compensating and rewarding them. Managers should reward the workers by recognizing their efforts. This may entail measure them before other sales representatives or increasing their pay. Moreover, the managers should compensate the sales representatives who work extra time. For instance, whatever customers may set appointment times that are outside the usual working hours. Such workers who work beyond the working hours should be compensated by increasing their pay or other forms of compensation. praiseful the workers and compe nsating them will increase the level of commitment and cooperation in the work places. Additionally, the motivated workers will stop scatty the scheduled appointments (Susan 2004 13). The managers need to create and maintain good relationships with the sales representatives. The relationship between workers and their leaders in the work places determines the communication between customers and workers. Good relationship may be created by involving the sales representatives in the decision-making process. This will make the personnel feel appreciated and contented consequently enhancing their productivity. The managers should also treat the sales representatives with courtesy and always acknowledge their presence and contribution. The managers should also comment on the work in reclusive whenever it necessarily improvement (Garg & Rastogi 2006 577). Question 2 Globalised trade, high foreign investment and increase in cross-border transactions are putting a lot of pressure on busi nesses. This has forced businesses to devise innovative measures to will them continue marketing their products and services. These measures include maintaining good and close relationship between the business and customers. This is difficult in the competitive environment because customers demand more choices than before. Consequently, for a business to meet customer demands and improve loyalty, it needs to access accurate and current customer information. This is possible with the application of the internet that is an ultimate communication tool. exploitation the internet can support businesses in maintaining customer loyalty because

Andres Serrano Ana Mendieta's Artworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Andres Serrano Ana Mendietas Artworks - Essay ExampleAp machination from this to capture art he travels with his equipment to the most mundane places and picks up his subjects randomly yet always creating a stir (Ontani, 2000).By carrying his photographic background paper and lights in New York subways he was able to capture the homeless in their bedraggled clothes .His most recent shows contained an new(prenominal) example of this fashion in which he photographed couples in Bizarre way and although caught in tender moments yet were provocative which Adrian Searle of the Guardian described as a young couple, she with a strap on dildo he with a mildly expectant expression (Nairne & Howgate, 2006). numerous of his works have genuine much controversy especially true was in the case of piddle away Christ which is a photograph of the crucifix submerged in a glass of his own urine. at that place are other works that too are subjected to the submerged forms of bodily fluids. Yet it is to be ascertained that although the much contrived prepare Christ was not appreciated when first exhibited it nevertheless sold for $ 162,000 in 1999 in a London Museum and was originally estimated at $20,000- $30,000. Still many slandered him for producing offensive art and nevertheless he got scot-free from circles who believed in artistic freedom (Stilles and Selz, 1995).Expression In ArtSerranos work has received a lot of criticism it has been labeled notorious, lurid, offensive, at one point yet on the other it has also gained popularity and is famous .What makes him popular and notorious at the same time is the fact that perhaps he picks up controversial subjects for his work and has a provocative mind for the application of contrasting beautiful quiet images with offensive material (Cahan & Kocur, 1996). To the mind of Serrano what at one instant is pure is also containing the darker side to it as well. There is always a twist to the most ordinary and leaves one to wonder if not everything is not as we have always imagined but there is more to it than just what we had always imagined.Applications Of Seranos Work around of his most famous works are seen asBlood and Semen III on metallic element band Metallicas loadPiss and Blood is used on Metallicas Re LoadIndirect bettermentSerranos has a very indirect approach to all his art work and he utilizes this in a very cool and subtle manner. Much of his mature work began as early as in the 80s. His focus initially remained mainly on catholic iconography. However he soon turned his help to be more taboo stuff. This included his use of bodily fluids for his artwork. For much of his creations he received finish threats and hate mails. Yet this did not deter the artist in the least and he remained focused on his work as before. The fuss created for his artwork only resulted in the increase of price of his work pieces.Piss ChristIt is a 30 by 40 inch color photograph of the crucifix in which the artist has su bmerged it in the body fluid semen. This piece of art met many disagreeable circles who flaccid their opinions very openly calling him a

A review of the literature exploring the user of NIV to treat Dissertation

A review of the literature exploring the user of NIV to treat aggravation of COPD - Dissertation ExampleThe main objective of this paper is to review what has been found by various studies on the survival of the fittest challenges, quality of life and the compliance to NIV therapy by the users. Also, the paper will review literature on the effectiveness of the NIV treatment. Challenges on survival, Quality of life and compliance to NIV therapy According to the studies by Massimo, et al (2012, pp747), it was ga on that pointd that there be indications of early NIV positive pressure ventilation, which tend to increase the gait of survival. This was made in likeness with NIPPV. As such, NIV acts as a relief from challenges relating to survival rate in affected roles with high level of carbonic acid gas in their blood. A study by Pepin, et al (2008, pp360) indicates these challenges. According to the study, the challenges that these patients face are fatigue, sleep patterns that are disturbed as closely as breathlessness. The group also found break through that NIV does not leave behind a prevention against weakening of the respiratory muscle-builder that tend to progress. Acute exacerbations of a chronic clogging Pulmonary Disease better referred to as COPD, lay out great challenge to the survival rate of a patient. In the periods that the patient is faced with worsening extremes, it adversely affects the patients health status. There is an escalating admission fee to hospitals and even rise of mortality rates (Angus, et al 2011, pp84). According to the studies by Fionnuala, et al (2007, pp60), it is approximated that the mortality rate of in-patient ranged from 4%-30%. The study goes on to indicate that patients that are admitted due to complications from acute Respiratory failure aim a higher mortality rate. According to the study, the patients who are elderly and have co morbidities as well as those patients needing the ICU facilities were the most affected by the high mortality rate. According to the study by Monica, et al (2004, pp605), ventilation of the respiratory worsens to perfusion ratio and this result to a mechanism in the hypoxemia occurrence. This happens when psychological at peace(predicate) space enlarges. It also occurs when there is a rise in the ventilation waste. In the study by Suzy (2012, pp61), it was identified that increased resistance of the airway as well as the need for high min ventilation tend to result to a limitation on the expiratory flow. Still, the study found out that a dynamic hyperinflation, enlarged threshold of the aspiratory load as well as respiratory muscle dysfunction result to a feeling of fatigue in a patient. Plant and Elliott (2003) studied that a rapid pattern of breathing, which is somehow shallow, occurs. This is due to the respiratory system efforts towards maintenance of enough ventilation in the alveoli. This happens when the elastic, resistive and loads of aspiratory thre shold are introduced to the weakened muscles of the respiratory system. However, irrespective of an increment in excitant of the centers of the respiratory system as well as swings in the large, negative intra-thoracic pressure, carbon dioxide is still bear and as such, acedemia occurs. Other studies by Rossi, et al (1995) and Ambrosino, et al (1997) established that severe COPD which is complicated by ARF, slay characteristics such as right ventricular failure, encephalopathy as well as dyspnea and these pose as serious challenges to the survival of the patient. In regards to the studies by Eliott (2012, pp85), a vital intervening is advantageous to the patient with COPD is advisable. He suggested a clinical experience and this was an NIV treatment. Does NIV improve respiratory function or increase survival? A

Free Markets are Efficiency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

assoil Markets argon Efficiency - Essay ExampleIn addition, the paper also focuses on the criticism and arguments environ the free merchandise concept. The efficiency of free markets surrounds the effectiveness of an economy in the tryst of resources. The efficiency of a free market is dependant on satisfaction of several conditions that permit the agents in that economy to deal freely and attain the market equilibrium in quantity and price. For the purpose of this paper, a free market is one that has negligible government interference, or no such interference (Argelis & Pitelis, 2008 1). With this in mind, we may place a free market as a market where the agents engage in selling and purchase activities on knowledge consent, without any legal compulsion. The prices at which a trade transaction takes place, or the quantities traded ar not under control (direct or indirect) of third parties in the market. In essence, this implies that the market operates without legal restrict ions or regulations. Simply, a free market is one where buyers decide freely the commodities to buy and their quantities at the prices of the sellers and sellers choose freely the commodities they are willing to manufacture and sell at their price that they decide to sell. The first welfare theorem or the invisible hand proposes that a free market provides a channel through which an economic arranging is able to reach the ideal level of production. According to Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations, the assorted traders, like butchers and brewers, do not offer their services out of benevolence, but with a consideration of their own gains (Chang, 20025). Kenneth Arrow and Gerald Debreu later mathematically confirmed this theorem, indicating that in the event that all possible gains are exhausted from the exchange, then the free market attains an equilibrium equivalent to the Pareto efficiency in allocation of resources. In economics, the allocation of resources is Pareto efficient i f there is no early(a) feasible allocation preference by one ships company, and which the other party equally likes, therefore making any further mutual benefiting allocation impossible (Hayek, 1945). For instance, party A and party B engage in a trade exchange. After several exchanges with focus on their level of endowment, party A and party B will reach a sentiment on the curve (B and C), which is the Pareto optimal point of resource allocation (Lott, 2007 82). The curve demonstrates the dual benefits of both parties for both reaching an equilibrium benefit of transfer and guiding the economy towards an outcome that observes the Pareto efficiency. Fig 1 Pareto optimality graph. From http//www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http//pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/images/fig8_1.gif&imgrefurl=http//pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/08_construction_pricing_and_conctracting.html&usg=__d69xypDoP0EqqL9D0orgPd46Ezw=&h=399&w=404&sz=5&hl=en&start=3&sig2=s1ZXuuc1Dtp3tLmn-opTVA&zoom=1&tbnid=AORY7mH4F1EvoM&tbnh=122&tbnw=124&ei =uZDpTrifAsqZiQfMnYWyBw&um=1&itbs=1 The Pareto-efficient outcome is only attainable on the certain conditions that are generally not applicable in practice, despite the mathematical proof by Kenneth Arrow and Gerald Debreu (Mankiw, 2009153). These conditions include, but not limited to, imperfect rivalry like a monopoly, inevitable provision of public goods, presence of externalities, negligible transaction costs that are difficult to achieve, and social priorities that often favor a particular

Overview of the Environmental Security Debate Essay

Overview of the Environmental Security make do - Essay ExampleThe essay Overview of the Environmental Security Debate talks about the improving the wellbeing of the environment by including the notion of environmental security to content security policies.The weakening significance of superpower conflict in the past decade has provided an impetus to the ontogenesis of flexibility in the notions of national security. Previously constructed to a set of external military dangers, the concept forthwith frequently emphasizes the importance of concerns such as environmental protection, economic progress, and global sustainability. Environmental security is denominate as a relevant subject matter in international affairs and it is being utilize to define the motives of countries under an array of contexts.For instance, the Kyoto agreement which curtails global greenhouse gasses has been disputed and defended on the basis of its ferment on Americas national security. Warren Christophe r, the former Secretary of State, proclaimed in his 1996 obstetrical delivery at Stanford University the resolution of the Clinton administration to put environmental issues where they belong in the mainstream of American foreign insurance. Subsequently, President Clinton has branded environmental security as one of the many concerns that America will be confronting in the contemporary times. The fundamental concept of environmental security signifies an attempt to put more ferocity on the issues of environmental degradation through openly fastening them to previous military notions of security.

The Economic Success of South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Economic Success of South Korea - try on ExampleOn the contrary, Korea surprisingly experienced a continuous rise in average original wage since the sixties. This appears to defy the law of supply and demand for labor, that is, why wages would rise in a regime of abundant labor supply. Amsden (1990) attributes these to the following First, high wages were in part due to the thick training and education in Korea to meet the demands of a technologically competent workforce. The increase in wages was the reward to individuals in the workplace who undertake additional training to complement the technology transfer. This contrasts with the traditional Asian model of the existence of implicit contracts between doers and employers, where workers are rewarded for their loyalty and hard work in the proceeding of their duties. Second, the wage phenomenon in Korea has drawn attention to the segmentation of the labor market, on the basis of the qualifications required of the workers fo r the lately industrialization. Workers who possessed the skill sets needed by a fast industrializing economy comprises a minority, at least at the time the industry is growing fastest, which the firms will seek to attract with higher wages. Finally, the increase in wages is partly justified by Koreas fast growing GNP. Land reform and diminished agriculture Amsden (1990) noted that one of the drivers of wages in modern Korean industries is the rapid increase in productivity in the agricultural sector. Prior to the seventies, the implicit wage received by male workers in agriculture surpassed the average wage of workers in manufacturing. There were few proletarians in Korean agriculture the post-World war II agrarian reform made the tillers the owners of the land... The Korean economy is often looked up to as a model for economic success in Asia, although studies show that there are certain aspects where Korea departed from the Pacific-Asian model, and in other aspects are consist ent with it. According to Ha-Joon Chang and Chul-Gyue Yoo (2000), from the 1960s to the mid 1980s, while Japan and Taiwan experienced consistent trade surplus, Korea lagged behind with a trade deficit resulting in foreign exchange shortage.As a result of the Asian crisis, the IMF recommended economic reform which followed the US-UK model. The equities market was opened to foreign investors, forcing the large publicly-listed companies to come after with international investors demand for short-term profits by minimizing investments.Koreas economic growth thus miss from 6%-7% to below 4% per annum on per capita terms. Lower growth meant fewer jobs, lower wages, and poorer protection for the worker due to a relaxation of the labor laws. The welfare state and lifetime employment have been abandoned, causing great apprehension among Koreans about the future and their job security, since employers may more easily separate them from the accompany and replace them with younger, cheaper e mployees. Furthermore, Korean youth are opting more to become physicians and lawyers which are seen as more enduring professions, rather than study science and technology which embody the skill sets industry needs (Ha-Joon Chang, 2012).

Sexual harassment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sexual torment - Research Paper ExampleFor example, it is abominable to harass a female employee, through making remarks that are offensive to the nature of women in general. variant from the traditional conception of sexual harassment, the harassing party and the dupe net either be a military personnel or a woman, and in other cases they can also be of the same sex.Despite the concomitant that the law does not prohibit offhand comments, teasing, or the isolated cases that are relatively subtle, harassment is mislabeled (Lawoko et al., 2004). This is, especially, the case when it is severe and frequent, to the extent that it makes the work environment offensive or hostile it is considered illegal when it can lead to adverse decision-making relating to the employment of either parties (Bimrose, 2004). The adverse effects of sexual harassment include the demotion of the victim or the loss of employment, and the harasser can be a supervisor to the victim, a supervisor in another l ine of work, a co-worker or an external party, including a customer (EEOC 2014). This paper give explore the nature of sexual harassment, its characteristics and the experiences of sexual harassment.The main source of information for this report was the wide florilegium of databases for articles and publications about the area of sexual harassment these databases include Emerald, Proquest, BIDS Ingenta, SpringerLINK, ScienceDirect, Business Source Premier and Inform Global. To purport focus to the search, different search terms were used, including sexual harassment, gender harassment, workplace violence and sexual harassment training. A majority of the sources related to the key terms were from Australia and the US the focus of many of the sources was healthcare workers, especially among nursing staffs (Privitera et al., 2005). Mott and Condor (1997) reported that during the 1990s, 85 percent of the studies done on sexual harassment had been carried out in the US, and that more than 70 percent of the total had used students

The Killer Angels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Killer Angels - Essay exerciseThis book is based on the three days of the Gettysburg war starting from June 29th 1863 and ending on 3rd July 1863. This war from a historical viewpoint is seen as the beginning of the end for the fusion. It caused a extensive loss to the Confederates, from which they never recovered. The combat of Gettysburg, fought on the Unions own territory, was the bloodiest war in the history of the American civilian war. It resulted in the deaths of many soldiers on both sides, in fact, as many as 50000 were dead or were injured or went missing while fighting, during those three days. Shaara through this historical fiction tries to take us through those three days and tries to conjure a picture that describes the emotional conflicts that the generals and other officers on sever all(prenominal)y side of the warring faction had to face as they put up a brave bearing and fought against friends and relatives.The southern concept of the Gettysburg war is ve ry important as this war proved to be the turn point in the outcomes of the American civil war and is often referred to as the high tide of the Confederacy. earlier this particular battle the southern army was faring well in most of the battle outcomes. It was this war which brought the Confederacy very, very close to gaining independence. General Lee, the commander in chief, was the chief inspiration for the Confederates and widely respected amongst all the southerners, carried on the battle right into the enemys territory and attacked them with his entire strength, to finish off the battle once and for all. He knew that if he could destroy the Union forces in their own territory it would be their end. This was the main concept of the battle of Gettysburg from a southern perspective. To achieve this General Lee was completely intent on going forwards and directly attacking the Union army instead of paying heed to Longstreet

Describing an organization or unit of an organization utilizing a Essay

Describing an governance or unit of an presidential term utilizing a metaphor - essay ExampleAlso, regular medical check-ups help maintain the physical fitness of workers and guarantee that work lean will not be derailed due to wellness reasons.The Joint focussing is an independent, not-for-profit organization that accredits and certifies more than 15,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. Joint guardianship accreditation and certification is recognized nation replete(p) as a symbol of feature that reflects an organizations commitment to meeting certain performance standards. (from Joint Commission website). Its mission is to continuously improve the safety and quality of care provided to the public through the provision of health care accreditation and related services that support performance improvement in health care organizations. (Joint Commission website). The Joint Commission provides the premium standards that health care institutions must comply with to ensure that patients are provided the boundary quality of care they deserve. Upon successfully passing the accreditation requirements, the health care organization earns the symbol of quality that reflects the organizations commitment to excellence the Joint Commissions Gold Seal of Approval. To maintain it, the organization should undergo on-site surveys conducted by a Joint Commission survey team at least every three years.The Joint Commission is a renowned organization that has grown to include wide individual and corporate memberships. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Commissioners including physicians, administrators, nurses, employers, a labor representative, health plan leaders, quality experts, ethicists, a consumer advocate and educators. The wide diversity of experiences of the commissioners enriches health care with their professional backgrounds. The corporate membership in any case enjoys an esteemed group of organizations such as the American C ollege of Physicians, the American College of Surgeons, the American Dental

The Influence of Gender and Age on the Second Language Acquisition of Research Paper

The Influence of Gender and Age on the Second Language Acquisition of University Students in south-central Korea - Research Paper ExampleIt is so important that some companies and industries like healthcare include face proficiency among their requirements (Lorenzo, 2007). Moreover, many families travel abroad for several reasons, and this may require that they speak the language of the surface area they are in other than their native language (Gordon, 2000). Like nurture a native language, tributary language acquisition is influenced by a variety of factors and outcomes may vary depending on the leaning bolt of the student, age, gender, and even culture.Similar to secondary language acquisition, learning name is influenced by age and gender. Learning style is defined as a persons personal choice of the way or method on how he can best gather data, process it, and put it to later use in terms of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and activ e experimentation. It was suggested by Kolb (1976) that an individual learner has particular strengths with related to his particular learning style. Moreover, the term refers to the individual differences in approaches to learning based on preferences. It pertains to the ways in which an individual characteristically acquires, retains, and retrieves information (Felder and Henriques, 1995).A study conducted by Ramayah, Sivanandan, Nasrijal, Letchumanan, and Leong (2009) explored the relationship between learning style and gender among railway line students. The study used a questionnaire to collect and gather data, and classified the participants using VARK (Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic) by Fleming. A convenience sampling method was used to ensure that an adequate number of samples are able to participate. The results channelize that there is a significant difference between their learning styles in terms of gender, with female participants super preferring a vi sual or auditory learning style than male participants.

Advertising and Identity through Consumer Culture Essay Example for Free

publicise and Identity by Consumer Culture EssayNever before in the history of the modern world has advert turn so prevalent, ubiquitous, and an undeniable essential to a modern mans everyday life than that of our century. Advertising anatomys of all sorts, now flood public spaces from billboards with eroticized images to the blinding electronic billboard, down to the comfort ads which oddly st atomic number 18s O.K. in the rest rooms of malls.Magazines and televisions are also full of products that entice the teachers and the audience to buy and suffer a certain(prenominal) brand. Similarly, cultural numbers stomachnot be figuren without a popular brand nor is a sporting flatt complete without a corporate ad. Indeed, publicizing has live on power of todays culture and has become an inescapable ghost that dominates our media, our road, and our home.The road towards the advertising era began its transition during the 1880s to1920s. It is during this effect that a ds focused mostly on the products themselves. Products took the center stage, using heavy texts to introduce, feature and market the product. Real representation of people were withdraw in advertisements, exclusively quite representation of people who stand for the social values such as family structure and status differentiation were seen during this stage (Jhally, 1990, p. 228).With the written material properly explaining visual the visual imagery, ads during this period were instructional. At the same time they were also educational as well as promotional. These ads taught the consumer audience how to read commercial messages. However, by the postwar period, education was replaced for a puzzle of numerous visual messages.Visual images whence took the limelight during the 1950s. Texts were highly reduced and were hence replaced by icons and images to allure the consumer. These visual imageries eventually took over the product. The image, rather than the product, became the main message that is communicated to the consumer audience. The once educational ads were now replaced with a hodge-podge of photos and visuals (Jhally, 1990, p. 229).As the 21st century ushered in, the opinion of identicalness was then marketed to the buy audience, convincing the public that the products they buy represent their identity identity which can now be brought in the nearest mall and pass on assure not only merriment but happiness as well.This paper will discuss the contemporary culture in the advertising industry as it permeates and even molds todays idea of smash, style, as well as identity. Similarly, it will discuss how people are influenced by this media medium by citing several studies and lookes related to the mentioned topic. Apart family this, it will also discuss the benefits and the disadvantages brought roughly by the culture of advertising.Ours is an era whose society is in aeonian struggle to find their true identity. Never before has a mankind b een so engrossed in a quest for an identity, life, and beauty only to be directed to the market place. Ads that promote images with identity are prevalent. A popular notoriety endorsing this line of clothing, for instance, will give the audience the message that buying these kinds of clothe will make you happy, dishy, or popular. Likewise, acquire this brand of shoes will make you a part of the peaceful or in group.Through these visual representations, consumers desire to be like the image they see on ads, and the drug addiction of this certain product will help them imagine, piddle, and sustain their idea of themselves, their image, and their identity.The idea of beauty is perhaps one of the most capitalized and used advertising ideas. Numerous clips often represent a beautiful fair sex as someone who is skinny, blond, tall, and has a porcelain-like skin. These faces are evidently plastered on every magazine cover. Of course, a brand logo is placed along side the photo of t he model as if get word You can be just like me if you use this brand. Aside from this, almost every celebrity has the same body type. A small or fat woman would consequently mean that she is not conforming to societys image of beauty, which therefore automatically makes her ugly.With all of these images, it is no wonder why millions of girls from different parts of the world accept the idea that in order to be beautiful, one should look like a cover girl or a celebrity. This also means that buying that certain skin care line or wearing the same brand of clothes would automatically vary them as they conform to the idea of beauty as well as their identity.In a piece of music which studied the consumption patterns of youth, consumers regard consumption not as a mode of cultural activity, but rather as a rationalized process of fulfilling their desires. This means that a number of singulars actually believe that buying a product will fulfill their desire to look a certain way. Sin ce their idea of perfection is duly represented by images of stunning models and celebrities, their pursuit of what is perfect can only be agnize by using the same products or items that these models endorse.Although these ideals of perfection somehow give directions to the consumers, the truth is the images presented are start-off and foremost unattainable. More often than not, the audience is oblivious to the fact that the images they see, both on screen and on print, has already undergone a process of editing in order to make it even more perfect.The idea of beauty did not used to be boxed up with the idea of being skinny. In fact, during the prehistoric times, women are portrayed not as a wafer thin woman but rather as a full-bodied female with breasts, hips, abdomen, and thighs. The figurine called Venus of Willendorf for instance, has been revered as a goddess of beauty and fertility. Similarly, the statuette Venus of Moravany and Malta are both revered because of their phys ical attributes.These images of beauty however, began to change as advertising emphasized the need to fit in a size two dress. This is pickyly used by companies who promote diet and weight -lose products. Likewise, other manufacturers and business also saw the need to create slimming pills, slimming tea, and so much more. This eventually led other manufacturers to create clothes that will emphasize a womans thin frame.Apart from a persons physical attribute, a persons lifestyle is also used as a handle by the advertising world to create a market-based image. According to the same report, more than half of the young consumers believed that the products they buy represent their identities and lifestyle in some way.For them, identities are expressed in a variety of products such as shoes, clothes, cosmetics etc. take down seemingly trivial things are supposed to express their lifestyles. For instance, 36 percent of young males answered that their choices of telephone/ ready equipmen t represent in some way their identities, and 63 percent of young females think that their choices of hair beauty salon is a representation of their identities (Report on Youth Consumption Trend, 1994, p. 114).The one hour documentary entitled Merchants of the calm down is perhaps one of the most scathing examinations of how popular culture and advertising are entwined together.Exactly as the title suggests Merchants of the Cool chronicles how the media both reflects and influences pop culture. A large amount of money is paid to cool hunters in order to find out what is cool and what is hip. This information is then coursed through mediums such as the television. MTV for example, pay its cool audiences as well as the hosts and performers to attend to their party to make it look even cooler. Behind all these happening, there lies a big logo of a soft drinks brand. a great deal like how a ventriloquist controls a puppet, it is also the same with how a company and how advertising is behind how the image of coolness is presented (Frontline, 2001).This construction of a sense of identity, according to British sociologist Robert Bocock (1993), can be seen as a process which may make use of items of consumption such as clothing, footwear, popular music or sporting activities, including being a supporter of particular music groups, singers or soccer clubs. Such consumption patterns could be used as a central means of defining who is a member and who is out-of-door a specific group. It is through material items that eventually determine an individuals social group, which then ultimately gives him or her identity.A brand is a powerful tool that associates commodities with consumers because it symbolizes various elements of the product so that consumers go relative liberty in finding the association between their identities and commodities. The visual images, even the contributor of the brand also plays a crucial role in alluring the consumer to believe that by purc hasing this product, you will become like me or that you will be popular or will have an identity like mine (Bocock, 1993, p. 4).However, the more important question is how does an individual associate his or her identity through the purchase of a certain brand or a certain product? The research mentioned above illustrates the characteristic mentality of a young consumer. I do not care about what other people pack. I think of design as an important consideration when I choose things, and my choices of commodities express a part of my personality.This statement underlines the prevalent belief that the freedom of choice of the consumer leads to the expression of his or her identity. In other words, since it is the choice of the individual that made him or her wear this particular pair of shoes, this particular pair then represents the identity of the individual who made the decision. Representative form of their self-identities derives from the individual level individual consumers m ake a decision by themselves to buy things in order to express their own identities (Hattori, 1997, p.10).

Joyce’s novel Essay Example for Free

Joyces unfermented EssayThe novels Mrs. Dalloway and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, written by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce respectively, are tales of persons who are challenged by the society in which they live. The roles conventionally handed down to men and women bring about elements of restraint for many of the characters within the stories. While convention dictates the actions that the characters should perform, the readers bushel the impression that the authors are in opposition to these traditions. Throughout the day spent with Mrs. Dalloway and her friends, situations arise in which characters become critical of otherwises choices in a way that depicts the ideas of the narrator or author. Likewise, in the experiences of Stephen Dedalus and the other characters of Joyces novel, 1 finds that they often desire to perform actions alien to the stereotypical roles of their genders. In these novels, therefore, we find that there is no discernible desire withi n characters for males or females to inherit handed-down gendered roles.In fact, we discover a desire to take away a multi-gendered identity. This is important because it gestures at an identity separate from societal construction of gender. Hermione Lee relates that Virginia Woolf sought a combination of sensibility and tenacity in her work (xvii). This suggests a similar mixing of feminine and virile qualities with which she imbues several of her characters in Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa Dalloway has become a woman who ostensibly fits perfectly within the role societally piece for her gender.She is the wife of a statesman and the mother of a beautiful daughter. She throws fine parties and does the traditional female jobs of overseeing the servants, visit the sick, and other things. Yet, Woolf appears immediately to intimate to the reader the undesirability of all this tradition to Clarissa herself, as she is seen at the outset of the novel going on an errand that should normally h ave been reserved for her servants. Her desire for independence is asserted in the first gear sentence, Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself (Woolf 1).Though this rebellion is a small one and is buried in the pretension of womanly work (going to buy flowers), the commercial aspect of it places her in the position of a business person, near as the errand frees her from the confines of the home. On this walk she thinks of Peter Walsh, a man with whom she once shared her passions for literary works and freedom. Her thoughts and desires give way through conventions that dictate the subservience of women. She considers marriage in a way that seems alien to its constitution, as she imbues her role in it with the type of independence that one does not commonly find in the traditional view of marriage.She explains that her decision against marrying Peter was made because In marriage a picayune licence, a little independence there must be between people living together day in day out in the same signal which Richard gave her, and she him (Woolf 5). This demonstrates the expiration to which she desires not to be subsumed by her conserve as women often are in marriages. Continuing, she thinks, When it came to that scene in the little garden by the fountain, she had to break with him Peter or they would have been destroyed, both of them ruined, she was convinced (6). This tells what she considers her life would have been like with Peter.She seeks to add a stack of masculinity to her role by slip bying something of herself and continuing to show herself to the worlda right that is usually give without reservation to married men, but tacitly withheld from women of that time. Clarissa continues to demonstrate her inner tendencies to throw off the traditional gender role and to fulfill her political and occupational dreams. During that time in England, womens occupations were limited to household-related chores. She considers other women who had l ived non-traditional lives, and longs to have her life to live again so she could make different choices.The first of those choices would have granted her an occupation that would defy her gender. The narrator assures us that Clarissa Dalloway would have been, like Lady Bexborough, slow and stately sort of large interested in politics like a man with a country house very dignified, very sincere (Woolf 8). The use of the phrase like a man is telling, in that it highlights the extent to which Mrs. Dalloway longs to be released from the confines of her sex. She wants to be endowed with the possibilities that attend a man. Also telling is her desire to be very sincere (8).Sincerity is not a trait that has been traditionally accorded to women, as they were encouraged to keep their thoughts to themselves (or perhaps not to have any at all). Therefore, a woman with any ideas or opinions jakes be considered to have been somewhat forced into insincerity by their very act of subordination t o the impart of their husband and in their pretence at never having anything to say beyond remarks about the running of the household. Clarissas urge to speak sincerely demonstrates her desire to combine traditionally masculine qualities with her feminine ones.

Good vs Evil - English Essay Essay Example for Free

Good vs Evil English Essay EssayThere is neither a definite sober nor wicked, but only the grey area in-between. The Japanese proverb of Yin and Yang states that in alone level-headed there is some evil and in all evil there is dome good thus without good there force out be no evil and without evil there can be no good. Evil was once described to me as The inability to feel sympathy and at first I agreed with this analogy but upon further thought and deliberation I mulish that it was not entirely true, for if evil is the inability to feel sympathy then that makes all acts of sympathy good. However, that analogy would make an act, one that almost the entire world agrees is purely evil, an act of good.The act in school principal is the destruction of the twin towers of 9/11, because the perpetrators were sympathetic. They were sympathetic towards their country and their people who, contrary to popular knowledge, had already been invaded and were being oppressed by the US A who were trying to secure their oil reserves.There is no way to mollify universally what is considered good and evil. Every man desires in some way that their suffer actions are erect and righteous whilst also believing that their enemys actions are acts of evil purely because they oppose his own wishes thus making all man good in his own eyes yet evil in the eyes of those he opposes.Each and every one of us must decide for ourselves what is good and what is evil, and yet we must still conform to the norms of society. The definition of what is right and what is wrong may come from many another(prenominal) different places. Some blindly accept what society tells then to where others question society and still others actively oppose societys views. Some get their definition from the relative religious scripture and win that without question whereas others merely see it as a general guideline whereupon to base their actions.I believe that the concepts of good and bad, righteous ness and evil, just and unjust exist purely to justify mans actions and that they thrust and will continue to change to fit the person whose action requires justifying. Alas, these unflinching opposing forces are echo to perpetually clash as they strive for a balance. For without either life as we know it could never exist, perhaps life at all could not exist.

This I Believe Essay Example for Free

This I Believe EssayCome on Blake just integrity succession, no unmatchable will know, just take one sip and one gust. And from that day forrader I started smoking black and milds, which lead to a daily r eruptine. In high school, I never thought I would smoke nor drink, until I went to college.Being in high school, I continuously thought tipsiness and smoking was unhealthy. It leads to more serious problems that you cannot control. I was always the bigger person out of my group of friends, who would tell them right from wrong, about how unhealthy it was. It was even one point in time I went as far as researching and handing out the literature of smoking. As the result, I lost a few friends along the way, due to handing out the literature.Once I attended college at Western Kentucky University, it seemed as if things changed dramatically. The quote Never Say Never really hit me like a ton of bricks. musical composition it may be true of smoking being unhealthy, in spite of this knowing how smoking and potable was abominable. I went out on a limb knowing it was beyond my beliefs.However, I was more than one hundred miles away in a strange environment. Within a few days, I started confrontation people from different cities. I became close to this one particular girl and I began to hang with her and her friends. presently afterwards things immediately changed from my beliefs of smoking and drinking. Just to fit in, I decided to take a puff and a sip.Once I took that one puff and that one sip. Smoking became an everyday ritual, as to where drinking was an every now and then process. But in my heart, I knew that the decision I was making was not right for me. I kept telling myself day in and day out. But the peer pinch of my friends forced me in the wrong direction.The conclusion is to always stick to what your beliefs are and that other people may not believe what you think is correct. And nevertheless allow someone to influence you from your belie fs, eventually their may be consequences that you may have to follow.

Management Information System Essay Example for Free

anxiety info System Essay boldnesss and Information Systems * Information technology and organizations influence one another * multiform relationship influenced by organizations structure, parentage processes, regime, culture, environment, and management decisions The Two-Way Relationship in the midst of Organizations and Information Technology This complex two-way relationship is mediated by many factors, not the least of which ar the decisions madeor not madeby managers. Other factors mediating the relationship include the organizational culture, structure, politics, military control processes, and environment. What is an organization? * Technical definition * Stable, globe social structure that takes resources from environment and processes to produce outputs. * A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social structure * Behavioral definition * A collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that is delicately balan ced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution The Technical Microeconomic Definition of the OrganizationIn the microeconomic definition of organizations, majuscule and labor (the primary drudgery factors provided by the environment) are transformed by the firm through the production process into products and services (outputs to the environment). The products and services are consumed by the environment, which supplies additional great(p) and labor as inputs in the feedback loop. Figure 3-2 The Behavioral View of Organizations The behavioral view of organizations emphasizes group relationships, values, and structures.Figure 3-3 * Features of organizations * All modern organizations cover some characteristics, such as * Use of hierarchical structure * Accountability, authority in transcription of transparent decision-making * Adherence to principle of efficiency * Other features include Routines and business processes and organizational politics, culture, environments and structures * Routines and business processes * Routines (standard operating procedures) accurate rules, procedures, and practices developed to cope with virtually all expected situations * Business processes Collections of routines * Business firm Collection of business processes Routines, Business Processes, and Firms All organizations are composed of individual routines and behaviors, a collection of which make up a business process. A collection of business processes make up the business firm. New information system applications require that individual routines and business processes remove to achieve high levels of organizational performance.Figure 3-4 * organizational politics * Divergent viewpoints lead to political struggle, competition, and conflict * Political resistance greatly hampers organizational change * organizational culture * Encompasses set of assumptions that define goal and product * What products the organization should produce * How and whe re it should be produced * For whom the products should be produced * may be powerful unifying force as well as restraint on change * Organizational environments Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship * Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the social and forcible environment * Organizations can influence their environments * Environments generally change faster than organizations * Information systems can be instrumental role of environmental scanning, act as a lens Environments and Organizations Have a Reciprocal Relationship Environments cultivate what organizations can do, but organizations can influence their environments and decide to change environments altogether.Information technology plays a censorious role in helping organizations perceive environmental change and in helping organizations act on their environment. Figure 3-5 * Organizational structure * Five basic kinds of structure * Entrepreneurial Small start-up business * simple mac hine bureaucracy Midsize manufacturing firm * Divisional zed bureaucracy Fortune 500 firms * Professional bureaucracy law firms, school systems, hospitals * Adhocracy Consulting firms * Other Organizational Features * Goals * Constituencies * Leadership styles * Tasks Surrounding environments How Information Systems Impact Organizations and Business Firms * Economic impacts * IT changes copulation tolls of capital and the personifys of information * Information systems technology is a factor of production, like capital and labor * IT affects the cost and quality of information and changes economics of information * Information technology helps firms contract in size because it can sign on effect costs (the cost of participating in markets). Outsourcing expands * Transaction cost theory Firms seek to economize on cost of participating in market (transaction costs) * IT begins market transaction costs for firm, making it worthwhile for firms to transact with other firms rather than grow the number of employees The Transaction salute Theory of the Impact of Information Technology on the Organization Firms traditionally grew in size to muffle transaction costs. IT potentially reduces the costs for a given size, shifting the transaction cost curve inward, spread up the possibility of revenue growth without increasing size, or even revenue growth accompanied by shrinking size.Figure 3-6 * Agency theory * Firm is nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervision * Firms experience operation costs (the cost of managing and supervising) which rise as firm grows * IT can reduce agency costs, making it likely for firms to grow without adding to the costs of supervising, and without adding employees The Agency Cost Theory of the Impact of Information Technology on the Organization As firms grow in size and complexity, traditionally they experience rising agency costs.IT shifts the agency cost curve down and to the right, enabling firms to increase size while lowering agency costs. Figure 3-7 * Organizational and behavioral impacts * IT flattens organizations * Decision-making pushed to lower levels * Fewer managers needed (IT enables faster decision-making and increases span of control) * Postindustrial organizations * Organizations flatten because in industrial societies, authority increasingly relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal positions Flattening OrganizationsInformation systems can reduce the number of levels in an organization by providing managers with information to supervise larger numbers of workers and by bighearted lower-level employees more decision-making authority. Figure 3-8 * Organizational resistance to change * Information systems become bound up in organizational politics because they influence access to a key resource information * Information systems potentially change an organizations structure, culture, politics, and work * Most common reason for failure of large project s is referable to organizational amp political resistance to changeOrganizational Resistance and the Mutually Adjusting Relationship between Technology and the Organization Implementing information systems has consequences for task arrangements, structures, and people. According to this model, to implement change, all four components must be changed simultaneously. Figure 3-9 * The Internet and organizations * The Internet increases the accessibility, storage, and distribution of information and knowledge for organizations * The Internet can greatly lower transaction and agency costs * E. g.

The Taming Of The Shrew Essay Example for Free

The Taming Of The Shrew EssayIn Petruchios attempt to woo Katherina he uses alot of flattery, and appears to have a laid-back attitude towards the verbal dispute that arises in the first meeting. He is made to feel unwelcome from the moment Katherina is present, but he is confident that he lead change her view towards him and accept him as her husband-to-be. The word movable is used as an offend by Katherina, but Petruchio deliberately misunderstands what she is trying to say and makes a witty pun from this. Towards the end of this make Petruchio begins to grow tired of Katherinas lack of co-operation towards the matter of marriage. In a last desperate act beforehand Baptista , Tranio and Gremio return, he loses his charming image and appears as very forward and aggressive towards Katherina. This emphasizes his short temper and inappropriate nature. After an eventful and chaotic wedding, Katherina is deeply hurt inside, but her anger shows on the outside.This is worsened whe n Petruchio wants to swosh for hom and doesnt attend his own wedding feast. This shows Petruchios leadership in the birth at such an early stage. Katherina is understandably furious isnt ready to deal with Petruchios strange behaviour and tells him he can leave but she will not be going with him. This is an attempt by Katherina to gain some leadership in the relationship because she is only used to getting her own way and doesnt like how she is being treated.

Promote person centred approaches Essay Example for Free

Promote someone centred approaches EssayPerson centred values must mould all aspects of health and social c argon. The item-by-item is at the centre of the care and are involved in every aspect of it. This ensures that their support, activities, care plans and support plans are tailored to the soulfulness and meet their needs in a way that is appropriate to them. There are person-centred values which must be used to underpin the above. These are respect, partnership, identity operator, rights, choice, privacy, independence and dignity. In following the values, mountain are hence empowered to live their lives and achieve their potential. A care plan details a persons needs and wishes, what is being done to meet them and who is involved in doing so. If a care plan is person-centred it reflects their individuality and provide contain their own views and wishes, inform you approximately what they think is important and how they feel ab come forward their band and tell you h ow they desire to live their smell. By knowing this, it means you washbasin support them to live how they want and achieve their dreams, recognising their choices and ideas.Read more Define person centred values essayThere are factors which stoop the capacity of an individual to give approve. Having the capacity means having the physical or mental qualification to do something, and consent means having the ability to give apprised permission for something to happen. It also implies the individual understands what their decision means. The ability to give consent comes from being commensurate to understand complex and abstract ideas or concepts without the need for evidence. You beget to be able to weigh up the pros and cons and soak up a decision.Therefore you need to be able to understand the risks and benefits of a situation, be able to freely express your thoughts, ask questions and have the time to butt on the situation. Personal values and beliefs, the level of educa tion and a persons communication skills impact on their ability to make a decision. As does, having their thoughts and opiuons respected, handle with dignity and knowing theywont be judged for the decisions they do make.If consent can not be readily established you need to adapt your approach tothe individual. For example if a person needs time to process information and go over it time and time again, then you do that till they are ready. Some people are unable to consent due to their education disability or medical condition. In this case, the individual will have a representative will act in their best interests. Any decisions already given consent too would be establish in their care plan. Family members are a great point of contact.Active participation is about work in a way which respects the individuals right to participate in life as independently as possible. They are seen as spry participant or partner. To apply active participation to an individuals needs you would m ake sure you are aware of their likes, dislikes, wishes and also their abilities. You would then use this association to come up with a plan that best suits the individual. This ensures a happy outcome for everyone. It is person-centred and put the individual in control and living an independent life where possible.Sometimes an individual needs support to challenge or question a decision about them which is do by others. You can do this by supporting the individual to decide what they want to do and how they will do it, ensuring they understand the decision that has been made and help them think through why they want to challenge the decision. You can identify who else you might be able to get involved to help out and con human facer if an advocate would be necessary. Arranging a meeting to address their concerns can also be done.Identity, self-image and self-esteem are all linked. Self-image is all about how we see ourselves, and our opinions of our won worth. Self-esteem is all about being confident in who we are and out sense of value. Identity is knowing who you are, what makes you unique, your personality and characteristics. If you dont know who you are as an individual then you are more likely to struggle with a low sense of value which creates a negative self-image and low self-esteem. This can manifest in individuals behaviour, ability to make simple decisions, express themselves and make choices.Wellbeing is a feeling that you are feeling well and doing well. There aremany factors that influence this. The practical aspects of life factors are income, employment, quality of living environment, physical and mental health and access to run and amenities. There are also factors in relation to personal and social relationships which are support networks, gentle and intimate relationships and relationships with the wider community. Values and attitudes also contribute to wellbeing.These are an individuals sense of purpose and value, their hopes, dream s and fears, their ecstasy with life, what they think and feel about themselves and any moral or spiritual codes of behaviour. How people are treated by society and their life experiences play a part in how they see themselves and therefore demand their sense of wellbeing.Risk taking and risk assessments relate to rights and responsibilities. The exercise of individual rights goes side by side with the individual taking responsibility for the outcomes of their decision. Therefore, you need to be sure that the individuals have the capacity to make an informed decision and fully understand any potential consequences. Risk assessments need to be regularly reviewed as peoples needs and abilities change, especially if their health deteriorates as they may be expected to do more than they can manage. Also, if an activity was agreed to develop skills and confidence, by not reviewing the risk assessment, your are undermining everything they have achieved and they wont be able to continue to progress.

Synchronization Of Federal And Dod Procurement Policies And Ethical Standards Essay Example for Free

Synchronization Of national official And Dod Procurement Policies And respectable Standards EssayThe United States is not just admired of its technological advancement, its economic status and its military power but also of its sound and tight laws including its internal rules and regulations covering government agencies. In the case of the dent of defense team, federal official Laws and rules were kept updated as much as possible in the sense that revisions of internal policies were carried out. saucy versions of rules and regulations kept on coming in with reference to refreshful laws or executive orders beingness ratified and released. The biggest problem however, as it has also been with another(prenominal) agencies is that on that point is indeed a lack of strict death penalty of such rules and regulations. This problem is proven by the increasing number of fraud cases in the procurement minutes under(a)gone by the DOD. In order for us to find the flaw on th e slaying system, let us evaluate the performance of the agencies wherein policy implementation on DOD were being delegated and entrusted. These agencies were not merely prudent for the implementation of the policies and procedures, specifically on procurement process but also for its monitoring.Let us intimately step into the top executive of the disposal ethical motive which is, according to Executive Order 12731, will be creditworthy for the administration of Principles Of Ethical Conduct For Government Officers And Employees. Specifically, EO 12731 (Section 201) should be administered by (a) Promulgating, in consultation with the Attorney universal and the Office of Personnel oversight, regulations that establish a single, encompassing, and assort set of executive-branch standards of conduct that shall be objective, reasonable, and enforceable. b) Developing, disseminating, and periodically modify an ethics manual for employees of the executive branch describing the ap plicable statutes, rules, decisions, and policies.(c) Promulgating, with the concurrence of the Attorney General, regulations interpreting the prep atomic number 18dnesss of the post- avocation statute, section 207 of title 18, United States Code the general conflict-of-interest statute, section 208 of title 18, United States Code and the statute prohibiting appurtenance of salaries, section 209 of title 18, United States Code. d) Promulgating, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, the regulations establishing a system of non ordinary (confidential) financial disclosure by executive branch employees to complement the system of public disclosure under the Ethics in Government Act of 1978. Such regulations shall include criteria to guide agencies in find which employees shall submit these reports.(e) Ensuring that close to(prenominal) implementing regulations coped by agencies under this order are consistent with and promulgated in ac cordance with this order.The main point of determining the responsibilities of the Office of the Government Ethics is to trim a clear basis of determining who is supposed to be negociateing the estimable policies and the implementation thereof. Since this office has been additionally designated for such a responsibility, it is expected that it should occupy specially designed delegation and communication withalls of coordinating such policies to other agencies under it. The methods are clear promulgation, delegation, consultation and dissemination of the policies and procedures with other agencies and of course DOD is not an exemption.It is therefore but fair to conclude that communication tools and the power to use them are available at eachtime for the Office of the Government of Ethics to use for synchronizing policies throughout all agencies. Section 301 of Executive Order 12731 specifies how synchronising of ethical policies and standards should be through with(p) thro ugh the specifications of the responsibilities of the Office of the Government of Ethics. This section directs the agency to a) Supplement, as necessary and appropriate, the comprehensive executive branch-wide regulations of the Office of Government Ethics, with regulations of special applicability to the particular functions and activities of that agency. Any supplementary agency regulations shall be prepared as addenda to the branch-wide regulations and promulgated jointly with the Office of Government Ethics, at the agencys expense, for inclusion in human action 5 of the Code of Federal burnons. (b) Ensure the review by all employees of this order and regulations promulgated consistent to the order.c) Coordinate with the Office of Government Ethics in developing annual agency ethics teach plans. Such training shall include mandatory annual briefings on ethics and standards of conduct for all employees appointed by the President, all employees in the Executive Office of the President, all officials needd to file public or nonpublic financial disclosure reports, all employees who are sign oning officers and procurement officials, and any other employees designated by the agency head.d) Where practicable, consult formally or informally with the Office of Government Ethics prior to granting any exemption under section 208 of title 18, United States Code, and provide the Director of the Office of Government Ethics a copy of any exemption granted. (e) Ensure that the rank, responsibilities, business office, staffing, and resources of the Designated Agency Ethics Official are decent to ensure the effectiveness of the agency ethics architectural plan. Support should include the provision of a separate reckon line item for ethics activities, where practicable.The enumeration of such responsibilities appears to be just a matter of indite rules for federal agencies. This is especially in the procurement process where more(prenominal) and more volume are getting involved in procurement fraud. Every year, millions and millions of dollars are being recovered by the Department of legal expert for running after the contractors and DOD personnel who acted in bad faith. Looking at the brighter side of things however, it faecal matter be stipulated that such events can be considered an indicator that these policies and rules on ethical standards are at present being apply quite well.Either way, we cannot consider each campaign to be successful not until we have the occurrences of fraud lessen to a considerable fall. What should always be the ending is zero tolerance of any type of fraud. The synchronization efforts of the federal government must go beyond the circle of agencies. It is always recommended that the law representrs be vigilant enough in evaluating every policy and laws governing the federal procurement process. It is their job to look into the flaws in the laws and recommend better and more efficient laws to be implem ented.To be fair with enforcement agencies, policies are today in the process of strict implementation as more and more efforts are being done to revise and tighten procurement rules especially in contracting selective information. The governments central sediment of contracting entropy has massive been criticized for being incomplete and inaccurate. Last year, the Office of Management and Budget launched an effort to clean up what gets fed into the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS) by directing agencies to precedent their data for trueness.The Defense Department is still determineing on validating its data. Depending on the agency, data is accurately entered into FPDS between 85 percent and 100 percent of the time. Automated reporting has made it easier for agencies to load data into the system and reduced the errors associated with manual entry under the old system. But the volume of contracts has grown, making the issue of validating data more important and more challe nging. While the quality of the data in the database is improving, there are still problems, say near critics who use FPDS regularly.Even with automated reporting and validation steps, race entering data still make mistakes the current software cant catch. The rate the accuracy of the data is a seven out of 10. The new certification requirement has raised the importance of data accuracy to the highest levels of management. Agencies are much more focused on getting data right than they have been in the past. With more than $400 circularion spent through procurements each year, the data is critical to managing functions and determining the type of staffing needed, OMB procurement policy chief, in a March memo to agencies.The launch of the federal expenditure Web site, USASpending. gov, in December has given new insight into the accuracy concerns with FPDS. As of Jan. 31, 6 percent, or $23 billion, of the 2007 contract dollars reported in the system had an unknown level of competi tion, which means a cut in FPDS didnt get checked. The inaccuracies put in in FPDS come from the push to be current, which meant GSA had to relax some of the verification rules. The government had the option of waiting months for perfect data or entering data as contracts were represented to provide transparency.GSA is seeking smarter validation technologies when it upgrades to the next generation of FPDS in 2010. Instead of simply telling users which field in their system are missing, GSA hopes to create a system where fields can be compared to make sure the data makes sense, Fornecker utter. For example, the system would be able to flag a $6 billion award to a small melodic phrase or question conflicting information, such as when a contract award is labeled as not competed even though two or more bids were received.The Defense Department wont have an assessment of the accuracy of its data until spring, said Shay Assad, the departments procurement policy chief. Software bugs and missing data fields in FPDS were causing some inaccuracies, and those are being fixed, Assad said. The biggest cause for inaccurate data is human error, but system errors also hightail it a piece. For example, the Energy Department reported that between 8 percent and 17 percent of its errors came from how FPDS construe the data sent by its contract writing system. The remaining errors were human errors, according to the Energy report.The ever-popular multiple-award contracts long praised by acquisition professionals and contractors as a speedy way to get competitively priced goods and services without bane of protest are about to get a makeover. The conference report for the Defense authorization bill includes a new rule that would give contractors who are eligible to bid on a multiple-award contract order the right to protest an order worth more than $10 million. The White House and perseverance have opposed this provision, claiming it would promote unnecessary litigati on.Contracting officers would also be prohibited from awarding a task order worth more than $100 million to a single contractor without scripted justification, further limiting how the contracts are used. The conference report also includes another controversial provision that would require agencies to report all critical inspector general audit findings, including questioned cost, to Congress. Industry groups have opposed this provision saying it could misrepresent routine audit questions and misunderstandings as major contracting irregularities.Other contracting provision in the bill include new associate administrator position within the Office of Management and Budgets procurement policy office that will be dedicated to acquisition work force programs, permanent acquisition work force training fund, and contingency contracting training for people outside the acquisition profession including whistleblower rights for contractor employees. One more thing to reconsider in the polic ies synchronization is training needs.A yet-unreleased survey of government acquisition employees shows the work force needs more training in contract negotiations, program management and performance-based contracting, a White House official said today. OMB is working with Federal achievement Institute and the Defense Acquisition Institute to craft training that targets these and other areas identified in the survey, he said. OMB has approached Congress to renew procurement offices direct hire authority, which expired on Sept. 30, to allow agencies to quickly fill these critical positions, he said.OMB is also encouraging agencies to rehire retirees to train and mentor new workers and fill openings. Apart from training rules synchronization, the Department of Defense is also accused of discrimination is hiring or employment procedures including contract awarding against minorities and women. Still, this issue is an important consideration in ethical rules and standards set by the Fe deral Government. There are critics in an online publication that pinpoints the following areas of improvement in relation to ethical rules synchronizationReorganization Some observers emphasize the need to rationalize and coordinate the web of federal programs serving minority- and women-owned firms. For example, in 1992 the U. S. Commission on Minority Business recommended the creation within the Commerce Department of an Administration for the growing of Historically Underutilized Businesses which would assume SBAs responsibilities. Graduation The program now requires graduation after nine years, and has phased requirements of non-8(a) and non-federal disdain mixture designed to wean firms from sheltered competition and dependency on federal contracting.In February 1995, of the 1,038 firms in the fifth part through ninth year of 8(a) participation, nearly two-thirds met or exceeded the minimum non-8(a) business levels. Some observers have emphasize the need for analogous grad uation and business-mix requirements in the DOD and DOT programs. Regional/Sectoral Concentration Our analysis found SDB contracts and limited competition concentrated in certain industries and regions, which is undesirable for minority and non-minority firms alike.For example, while DODs overall goal for SDBs was only 5 percent, more than 35 percent of all DOD construction awards went to SDBs, and more than two-thirds of these were awarded under sheltered competition. Moreover, in ten States, more than 40 percent of all construction contracts awarded to small business was awarded to SDBs. This concentration occurs at particular sites as well, where in rare instances virtually all small business contracting is with SDBs.On the other hand, some degree of sectoral concentration in SDB procurements is inevitable to balance the many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) sites and sub-industries with virtually no SDB participation, and huge procurements for weapons systems and the like, for whic h no SDBs are available as prime contractors, and still too few as major subcontractors. Additional efforts are clearly needed to expand SDB opportunities more broadly. Self-Certification Because DODs program is based on self-certification by SDBs, it may be prone to abuse, particularly through front companies.For example, DODs IG investigated Tyco Manufacturing and referred the case to the US Attorney. The companys owner pled guilty to charges that he falsely represented his firm as Hispanic-owned and controlled. overhaul officials of Automated Data Management, Inc. were convicted of conspiracy to defraud the government for concealing the firms ownership structure to participate in the 8(a) program. Self-certification has obvious advantages in terms of reduced administrative expense and regulatory intrusion.Nevertheless, this must be equilibrate with the importance of ensuring that affirmative action measures are fair, which means as free of abuses as can more or less be achieve d. Subcontracting In FY 1993, the most recent data available, small businesses received about $63 billion of federal contract dollars, out of roughly $180 billion in total. About one-third of that amount was from subcontracting. SDBs, on the other hand, received a little over $13 billion in federal contract dollars, but only one-sixth of that was through subcontracting.These figures are consistent with the widely held view that SDBs baptistry greater obstacles to subcontracting participation than do other small firms. The SBA and other agencies believe that expanding the use of SDBs in subcontracting is two feasible and desirable as a strategy for creating more SDB opportunities. Other Program Changes Several foregoing analyses by the GAO, the SBA Inspector General and commentators have raised criticisms of the 8(a) program, several of which SBA is moving to address by precipitously implementing recent statutory amendments which had languished under the prior Administration.Thes e are reviewed more specifically immediately below. Past criticisms are that too many 8(a) contracts were awarded on a sole-source basis, i. e. , without competition of any kind. This criticism has largely been addressed by recent and pending reforms. The 1988 law reforming the 8(a) program requires that companies in the program compete among themselves for contracts valued at $3 million or more. (There is a higher(prenominal) competition doorway of $5 million for manufactured goods.Currently, however, many of the larger 8(a) contracts are open-ended agreements that started out as small contracts and grew well beyond the competition threshold when a contracting officer renewed the order. To increase the number of contracts available for competition, SBA has proposed regulations to change this procedure so that an estimated value will be set on these open-ended contracts, which probably will be higher than the initial value. This means more 8(a) contracts will be subject to competit ive bidding among participating firms.In all these cases, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy must now especially tighten its implementation techniques. This office does have around $350 billion annual spending (Office of the Federal Procurement Policy, Whitehouse, 2008). According to their website, The Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) in the Office of Management and Budget plays a central role in shaping the policies and practices federal agencies use to acquire the goods and services they need to carry out their responsibilities. completed by Congress in 1974, OFPP is designed to provide overall direction for government-wide procurement policies, regulations and procedures. Given special authority for the procurement policy administration and implementation, OFPP is expected to find the means of having such procurement policies implemented in accordance with the Federal Ethical Standards. OFPPs statutory authorities and responsibilities are set forrader in the Off ice of Federal Procurement Policy Act, 41 U. S. C. 401, et seq. OFPPs primary responsibilities.First, it is appointed to oversee the development of acquisition regulations. The Offices primary focus is on the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government-wide regulation governing agency acquisitions of goods and services. OFPP staffs are to review and coordinate such changes with the Office of Information and regulatory Affairs. It is also its responsibility to formulate and coordinate acquisition legislation. OFPP oversees the formulation of the executive branch position on all legislation relating to procurement.In close consultation with the major procuring agencies, OFPP develops legislative proposals for the Administration and formulates positions on congressional bills addressing acquisition issues. OFPP staff works with OMBs Legislative Reference Division, Office of Legislative Affairs, and congressional committees to apologise and refine legislation as it proceeds th rough hearings, markups and conference to final passage. Apart from this, OFPP is required to head the activities of the Chief Acquisition Officers Council (CAOC).The OFPP Administrator leads the Councils activities on behalf of OMBs Deputy Director for Management, who officially serves as the Chair. OFPP staff provides support to each of the Councils working groups, which currently are focusing on competitive sourcing, contracting with small businesses, human capital, electronic government, performance management, and contingency contracting. The office also is responsible for collecting, developing, and disseminating procurement data. This responsibility is accomplished through several government-wide data collection tools, the most significant being the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS).OFPP directs the Federal Acquisition Institute to improve the caliber and professionalism of the acquisition workforce. For example, FAI provides gist acquisition training and workforce sup port to the civilian acquisition community and actively partners with the Defense Acquisition University to leverage workforce development opportunities. In 2004, OFPP chartered a Board of Directors, which reports to the OFPP Administrator, and ensures that FAIs focus is synchronised with government-wide policy priorities.OFPP is responsible for developing policies, in consultation with SBA, that promote maximum participation of small businesses in government contracts. Lastly, it serves as Chair of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB), an independent board which has exclusive authority to establish standards for use by contractors and subcontractors to achieve uniformity and consistency in the measurement, assignment and allocation of costs to government contracts. The CASBs cost accounting standards are promulgated as regulations. OFPP provides staff support to the CASB.It is now but fair enough to say that Federal Laws on Ethical Standards relative to procurement policies are well defined, clear and tight enough. The problem arises on the implementation of such rules. It is therefore a potent recommendation to begin the strict implementation of such policies as soon as possible. The step can rightfully begins with appointing or hiring able, dedicated people to oversee the agency and those people whose morality and principle cannot be bought by material things, especially with money where the Federal government and the Department of Defense are undeniably abundant of.

Advantages of supply chain management Essay Example for Free

Advantages of add up drawing string charge EssayOne is cost advantage. Companies that occupy implemented supply bowed stringed instrument management have a 45% supply strand cost advantage over their competitors. 1 Price of raw materials and remove product are optimized due to collaboration between two parties. The sharing of vital information in the early stage of development, and the effective communication of methods and requirements suspends parties within the supply chain to effectively benefit separately other in terms of cost.Another is faster time to market. Companies met their promised delivery dates 17% faster than their competition. 2 with early information and forecast, suppliers fuel also efficiently design their production and implementation process by collaboration. This allows supplier to reduce the lead time to produce their products within the supply chain.Disadvantages of supply chain management over traditional competitive procurement processes. Fi rst is the difficulty of maintaining supply chain birth. leave chain relationships are probably the most fragile and the most susceptible to breaking down. 3 This is because a poor relationship at any part of the supply chain can cause major problems to the entire supply chain. In todays global market, the customers have the power over the suppliers. Everyone else in the supply chain must quickly satisfy the demands or else face the possibility of loosing them.Another disadvantage is the need to assign vital information for collaboration purposes which leaves a company vulnerable to illegal copying of ideas or methods. Although these can be safeguarded by proper agreement between parties, but the forces of market competition may hold violations of agreement intentionally or unintentionally.If supply chain management is actually a superior dash of managing procurement and production, how (if at all) does that modify any of the economic big ideas we examined in Module 1? Supply ambit Management plays a major role in the concept of supply and demand. With parties closely cogitate through collaboration, the identification of demand which is needed by the suppliers to support the collaborative company is easy, allowing suppliers to maximize net given the level of demand. On the side of the collaborative company, the control of supply of raw materials is easy, which again would allow them to optimize profit.ReferencesFerguson, B. (2000). Implementing Supply Chain Management. Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http//www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf1 See Implementing Supply Chain Management at http//www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf2 See Implementing Supply Chain Management at http//www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf3 See Implementing Supply Chain Management at http//www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf