Gender Roles In Macbeth - 1879 Words

The Role of Gender in Macbeth Throughout human history, many cultures around the world develop a strict guideline of expected duties and characteristics that are based on gender. In Shakespeare’s plays, the role of gender depends on whether the play is a comedy or a tragedy. In many of Shakespeare’s comedies, even the most independent and clever women, who defy their traditional role, are eventually tamed through marriage and are ultimately redeemed. In his tragedies, however, characters who do not adhere to their traditional gender roles are portrayed as evil or unvirtuous. In Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, many characters are used to exemplify the desirable qualities associated with gender during this time either directly or through†¦show more content†¦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall†¦ (48) Through her pleading, she establishes the desire to reject and eliminate the feminine aspects that she believes are preventing her rise to power and receive more masculine qualities. By asking the spirits to unsex, she conveys the idea that the female sex is unable to carry out these cruel and malicious deed, which aligns with traditional assumption that femininity is weak. She also pleads for the spirits to remove the milk from her breast because she believes that they are a crucial part of femininity and are preventing her from committing cruel actions. However, due to her desire to obtain the ruthlessness that is associated with masculinity, she is directly defying her intended role as a woman. Lady Macbeth once again subverts the traditional values associated with women. After conspiring to commit murder with Macbeth, Macbeth soon becomes unsure with the plan and attempts to dissuade any action. In response, Lady Macbeth chastises him for being a coward before elaborating on the perfect nature of the opportunity that have been given. She equates Macbeth’s promise to kill the beloved king to suckling babies: I have given suck, and know How tender ‘tis to love the babe that milk me- I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipples from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this†¦ (58) Lady Macbeth describesShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Macbeth1477 Words   |  6 PagesShakespearian times the woman had no powerful roles, they did not write or act in plays. The roles were strictly played by men. This was true, however, in Macbeth written by William Shakespeare he portrays that both the men and the women in the play craved powerful roles, and desire ambition. Additionally, he shows how the roles of gender are flipped between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and displays that Lady Macbeth wants control over Macbeth. In the play Lady Macbeth stands in for Macbeth’s manliness throughoutRead MoreGender Roles in Macbeth732 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to gender theory, society assigns certain roles for men and women. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, these gender roles play an important part in violence. Both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth appeal to the role of â€Å"manhood† as violent and aggressive in order to accomplish the murders of King Duncan and Banquo. Wom en are portrayed as initiators of crimes and are viewed as devious.So, throughout the play, gender roles provide a means for murders and viciousness. At the beginning of the play, King DuncanRead MoreGender Roles In Macbeth894 Words   |  4 PagesZoe Lyon Mrs. Calland Honors CP English 9 13 December 2017 Manhood, Masculinity, and Gender Roles in Macbeth Gender stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about the roles of each gender. In the play Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare shows these stereotypes through the characters and their conflicts and challenges. Throughout the play, we develop an understanding about how the characters’ perspectives on what manhood and masculinity means, plays a huge part in the decisions they makeRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In Shakespeares Macbeth880 Words   |  4 Pages Topic: What is the message about women that is portrayed in the play Macbeth? Does the play defy or conform to the gender norms? Macbeth Essay Assignment Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Macbeth During the play of Macbeth, Shakespeare does defy gender norms. He portrays that the gender of a person does not define who they are and how they act and gender roles as not being a stereotype. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both exhibit traits that are not the way males and females are â€Å"supposed† to act. ShakespeareRead MoreMacbeth Gender Roles Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men onRead MoreGender Roles In Macbeth Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagesof the time they wer e written, which can educate people in modern day about philosophy further back than the 17th century. The plot of the play, Macbeth shows how dark and hostile Shakespeare’s writing became after King James took the throne in 1605 (BBC, 2014). The way the play speaks about women can reflect on the way Shakespeare thought of gender roles, and can display how far society has come in four centuries. In the 17th century, women had few rights, and followed orders from men, at the timeRead MoreGender Roles- Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn the old Shakespeare play Macbeth, women wear the pants, while the men wear the dresses, this is the theme throughout the play. It focuses on the marriage of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth takes the lead role, while she convinces her husband to kill Duncan. Shakespeare play concerning gender roles, shows the untraditional marriage in Scotland; what one sees is not what one gets. It also show how one starts is not how they end. The story of Macbeth shows power and betrayal. It shows power because it showsRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In Macbeth By William Shakespeare1043 Words   |  5 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespeare, gender plays a pivotal role in the development of the overall plot and as the play advances, certain characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth experience a reversal in traditional gender behaviors. Additionally, we see gender confusion among other characters that enhances conflict in the play. Originally, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are portrayed in ways that enforce their respective masculinity and feminism in accordance to the society around them. As MacbethRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In William Shakespeares Macbeth1397 Words   |  6 Pagescompany. The tragedy was Macbeth, and it was about a Scottish nobleman who committed unimaginable acts for his own gain and benefit simply because of a prophecy. Shakespeare had demolished the stereotypes given by society to men and women in that time period by creating his characters to be the exact opposite of what was expected. This is evident in Macbeth’s opinion of his wife, Lady Macbeth’s shocking personality and in the three witches’ mocking and dark nature. Gender roles are significantly visibleRead MoreMacbeth Essay: the Role of Gender and Position911 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay: The Role of Gender and Position Amilio Lopez In Macbeth, many elements that affect the story’s plot and outcome; however, gender and position of power play the most important role of the story. For example, Lady Macbeth continuously wants to be changed into a man in order to get certain duties done that Macbeth is hesitant to do. Also, Lady Macbeth uses the power of belittling Macbeth’s masculinity to further drive his actions in the play. Lastly, the witches’ predictions of Macbeth’s

Different Types Of Gangs Around The World - 2028 Words

There are many different types of gangs around the world. Some gangs consist of Skinheads, Asians, Latinos, African-American and Caucasians. But there are some gangs that are mixed with different ethnics. Prison gangs are criminal associations that started inside the punitive framework and they have kept on operating inside remedial offices all through the United States. Prison gangs are likewise managing toward one criminal element that can precede with their operations outside the restrictions the reformatory framework. Commonly, a prison gang comprises of a select gathering on detainees who have a sorted out progressive system and who are represented by a secured set of principles. Gangs fluctuate in both association and organization from very organized groups. Prison gangs keep on carrying out criminal movement, enroll new parts in urban, suburban, and provincial areas over the United States, and create criminal affiliations that extend their impact over criminal undertakings, especially road level drug deals. The most eminent patterns for 2011 have been the general increment in gang enrollment, and the extension of criminal street gangs control of road level drug deals and coordi nated effort with adversary groups and other criminal associations. An alternate impact of prison gangs is a feeling of fitting in with a family unit. Prisoners get a feeling of character and distinguish from being in a gang. It separates them from their companions and provides for them aShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Gang Pros And Cons1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of Juvenile gang’s is not unknown to the world. They can be found in any corner of the world and any ethnic/racial background. Gangs have been around since humans learned how to get into organized groups. This was about around the time of the middle ages. In fact, the first recorded history of such gangs was in the city of London (Sheldon., Tracy and Brown, 1996). For America, it was not until the early 1800s when juvenile gangs became a problem (Sheldon., Tracy and Brown, 1996). ThisRead MoreA Brief Note On The Problems Of Gangs891 Words   |  4 PagesGrice Mrs. Gallos English 3 Research Paper 24 November 2014 Gangs: The problems they make Gangs are a big problem in the world and it causes a lot of crime in the United States. There are a lot of different types of gangs in the world. You have the small gangs that are just made up of a group of friends and family, but then you also got the large gangs that are made up of hundreds of different kinds of people. Gang members go around committing so many crimes. They rob people in their own homesRead MoreGangs Have A Long Negative History Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have a long negative history. Usually joining a gang is a bad thing to do. Well depending what kind of gang it is, but most of the time it’s been viewed like a violent or a rebellion act. Gangs have had an impact in society for a long time in many different places in the world, and there are a lot of types of gangs. They impact society by increasing the rates of murders, school drop outs, and drug and alcohol abuse. There are many reasons why people join gangs. Some people might join a gangRead MoreThe Power Structures Within Our Society1629 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment power. We learn through Mill’s power elite theory that those in a higher power or in an elite position such as the economy, government, and military are the ones who make the decisions. These elite subjugate the key leadership positions around us and the decisions they make have consequences for us, the citizens, or those who do not have much power. Those who are in the power elite or prominent positions enter these positions through education, their connections established from the placeRead MoreEssay On Gangs890 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 8,2017 Gangs, are they good for our community? Gangs, they’re all around us,everywhere,and anywhere. How do us americans feel about gangs, and their affects on our environment ? I’m against gangs because of their affect on our youth. It affects the youth causing distractions, peer pressure, and blocking opportunities for them. Gangs are one of the top three causes of crime in America today. And gives America’s crime system a lot of difficulty with solving the problem. Gangs are and haveRead MoreTheories And Rational Choice Theory1274 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will cover two criminological theories and they will be applied to two types of criminality. The two theories chosen for the paper were developmental theory and rational choice theory. The two types of crimes that were chosen were organized crime, specifically focusing on gangs, and terrorism. Then the crimes will be compared and contrasted. Finally, the developmental theory will be applied to organized crime to explain why and how it happens. The rational choice theory willRead MoreThe Death Of Gang Research1637 Words   |  7 Pagesterm â€Å"gang† was associated with groups in socially disorganized and deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods: It was applied to juveniles who engaged in a variety of delinquencies, ranging from truancy, street brawls, and beer running to race riots, robberies, and other serious crimes (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2011). There were several gangs within the United States, which included street gangs, prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, and or ganized crime gangs that still exist today. The word â€Å"gang† is derivedRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Gangs on Oklahoma1247 Words   |  5 Pages The large negative impact on Oklahoma that gangs have caused resulted in a change in our state. In all fifty of the United States, more types and groups of gangs are committing more crimes and illegal activity. Gangs have significantly impacted Oklahoma by increasing violence, homicides, and drug trafficking, and something must be done. The amount of people affiliated with gangs is rapidly increasing. Oklahoma authorities say that gangs are an urban problem. In a report in the year 2010, studiesRead MoreThe Problem Of Gang Violence917 Words   |  4 Pagesalready had personal knowledge about gangs but after taking this class, I have a much better understanding about them. From what I ve seen and heard, gangs are and will always be a part of our society. As we ve learned in this class, they have been around for hundreds of years. One thing that came to my mind while I was talking to my husband was pirates. They have territories over seas and anyone that passes their water gets robbed , in today s gangs it s a different setting but the same concept. TheRead MoreThe Crime Of A Gang1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe country we live in has been affected and influenced by something that we now call a â€Å"Gang†. According, to Dictionary.com a gang is defined as a group of youngsters or adolescents who associate closely, often exclusively, for social reasons, especially such a group engaging in delinquent behavior. Since the early 1900’s The United States of America has been affected by gangs. They originated from the Italian immigrants that were closely related to the Sicilian mafia and others that were located

Rethinking Project Management Education †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rethinking Project Management Education. Answer: Introduction This is a literature review on the practices of project management which explores a part of the current debates about the subject. It was conducted using an explorative and unstructured method of review which explored the project management process by studying different textbooks and articles on project management that offered different insights and perspectives on the discipline. The purpose of the review is to identify different perspectives that exist on the practice of project management. Over the past decades, new perspectives on project management have emerged thanks to the introduction of new tools, methods, and practices that move beyond the traditional Corporate Perfomance Management (CPM) thinking. The traditional approaches to project management have been broadly criticized by researchers who felt that CPM is an incomplete and insufficient method as it lacks the level of detail required(Svejvig Andersen, 2015). Complexity of projects and the complexity of their environment are part of the main arguments that call for rethinking traditional project management. This rethinking has shifted the perspectives from single project exploration in isolation to the management of multiple projects. Aretha et al. (2009) has argued that a multiple project environment presents challenges that is very different from the single project management challenges(Aretha, et al., 2009). He used the complexity theory in order to understand the multi-project environment and identified it as a combination of complex adaptive systems. Mayor et al. (2006) reflected on the programs and portfolios that can be seen as mechanisms for managing projects in organization. According to him, they create different issues than those in a single project face(Jones, et al., 2011). Thus, there is a need that a project manager and his team must obtain transferable project management skills Leybourne (2007) describes a perspective which sees project management as an open value system that focuses on social and political aspects rather than on the tools and procedures (Leybourne, 2010). These social and behavioural considerations have expanded the discipline of project management. Clarke (2010) explored the impact of emotions on the behaviour and decisions of a project manager with respect to projects(Clarke, 2008). His empirical study showed that emotional intelligence has a direct posititve effect on the success of projects. Sense (2009) focused on the social learning that is obtained by a project team during projects, showing that this can help to build a learning culture and organisational learning, both positively impacting a companies success(Sense, 2009). Small and Walker (2010) state that the social complexities on a project are created from the human plurality and thus, the project management strategy used must follow a continual adaptation to be able to respond to the changes in power and political scenarios on projects(Small Walker, 2010). Over the last decades, alternative methods, approaches and perspectives have been identified that allow practitioners to rethink on the traditional project management practice. This helps them to better cope with the complexities and uncertainties during projects. Berggren and Sderlund (2008) identified how education practices have affected the knowledge and production capacities of project managers(Berggren Sderlund, 2008). According to Louw and Rwelamila (2012), project managers can be linked with the reflective partitions that emerge from educational institutes(Louw Rwelamila, 2012). Sewchurran (2008) supported the view by presenting an alternative model that focuses on the education side of the discipline and explored the reflective practices through improvisation and contingencies(Sewchurran Barron, 2008). Crawford et al. (2006) suggested that the increasing complexities on projects demand more education (Crawford Brown, 2009) and practitioners who are willing to explore new theories on project management to acquire new skills that include more than just the technical skills(Sankaran, et al., 2010). Thomas and Mengel (2008) stressed on the importance to be able handling complexity and uncertainty in the modern project environments(Thomas Mengel, 2008). Thus, he suggested that newer forms of professional development are required to prepare and educate project managers to deal with such complexities. According to Kreiner (2002), a project manager needs to be prepared to adapt plans in a changing environment(Kreiner, 2002). Supporting this view, Leybourne (2010) suggests that companies must provide the freedom to their project managers(Leybourne, 2010) for experimenting through unstructured practices and task management methods(Sherrer, 2010). Most researchers are convinced that despite a vast exploration of traditional project management practices, very little has been explored about the actualities of project management. Subsequently, empirical investigation is needed in order to understand modern project management practices. Arguments have also been presented on whether the traditional practices have diverted from the models and concepts. There is very limited empirical investigation done on the practice of project management. Thus, more exploration is needed as the field is only broadening crossing its current limits and perspectives that are present currently(Dana, 2014). With these explorations and added perspectives of multiple project management researchers, some new models and theories have emerged in the recent past including evolutionary management and self-organization and systems thinking. Self-organization Theory: This theory sees projects as a self organized concept which exists in nature with a tendency of growth and evolution. The growth is influenced by interactions between people, where for example new functions can emerge leading to self-organization. These self-organized systems have energy channels that enables both energy and information to flow in order to grow through a feedback loop(Hoda, 2011). The process of self-organization can be seen as a combination of positive and negative feedbacks that expand the horizons of knowledge. These feedbacks can be obtained from external parties or internal stakeholders. For example, approval and acceptance from external parties are positive feedbacks while rejection of criticism from them are negative feedbacks. Similarly, assertiveness and compassion within internal teams have signals of positivity while lack of confidence and disinterest in them would reflect negative feedback. Thus, these feedback cycles are importa nt to study, in particular when it is about understanding the evolution of project management(Blois, 2013) Systems thinking: System thinking makes it possible to manage the complexities and issues in modern project scenarios through identification of different elements that exist in a multiproject environment. It begins with the understanding of a problem solving process in which project managers have to explore problems to identify their core and the behavior patterns that are affecting project efficiencies. System thinking is a holistic approach to problem solving that builds on the network of interactions, role plays, and approaches to creativity and adaption in the project teams(Kopczy?ski Brzozowsk, 2015). Conclusion The traditional project management approaches like CPM have been criticized by researchers as they lack the level of detail and new perspectives have emerged with introduction of new tools, methods, and practices. Among the main arguments to rethink traditional project management is the fact that complexity of projects and the complexity of their environments are much higher nowadays then ten or twenty years back, when a lot of research was done in the field of project management. Several debates can been observed with different new approaches being presented and discussed. For example, some researchers believe in systems thinking which is a holistic approach to problem solving while others focus on the self-organizing concept during projects. The literature review made clear that further investigations are needed on how these new methods can help resolve problems usually faced by traditional methods. If evidences can be obtained on these efficiencies then the debate can make a big step forward as researchers begin to prove the superiority of new methods. References Aretha, D., Panteli, E. S., Kiekkas, P. Karanikolas, M., 2009. Patient and/or family controlled palliative sedation with midazolam for intractable symptom control: a case series. BioMed Central, 2(136), pp. 1-4. Berggren, C. Sderlund, J., 2008. Rethinking project management education.. International Journal of Project Management., Volume 26, pp. 286-296. Blois, 2013. The "self-organizing" project": a "systemic" view of the design and project processes, s.l.: Systematic Designs. Clarke, N., 2008. Projects are emotional: How project managers' emotional awareness can influence decisions and behaviours in projects. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 3(4), pp. 604-624. Crawford, P. Brown, B., 2009. Mental Health communicatios between service users and professionals. Mental Health Review Journal, 14(3), pp. 30-39. Dana, J., 2014. Chaos Theory in Project Management , s.l.: Masaryk University. Hoda, R., 2011. Self-Organizing Agile Teams: A Grounded Theory, s.l.: Victoria University of Wellington. Jones, A. M. et al., 2011. The Impact of Arabidopsis on Human Health: Diversifying Our Portfolio. NCBI, Volume 133-136, p. 939943.. Kopczy?ski, T. Brzozowsk, M., 2015. Systems thinking in project management: theoretical framework and empirical evidence from Polish companies, s.l.: Poznan University of Economics, . Kreiner, K., 2002. Tacit knowledge management: the role of artifacts. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(2), pp. 112-123. Leybourne, S., 2010. Project management and high-value superyacht projects: an improvisational and temporal perspective.. Proj. Manag. J. , Volume 41, p. 1727.. Louw, T. Rwelamila, P. D., 2012. Managing Projects in Africa. Project Management Journal, 43(4), pp. 2-85. Sankaran, S., Haslett, T. Sheffield, J., 2010. Systems thinking approaches to address complex issues in project management. Asia Pacific, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, PMI Global Congress. Saynisch, M., 2010. Beyond frontiers of traditional project management. Project Management Journal, 41(2), pp. 21-37. Sense, A. J., 2009. The social learning character of projects and project teams. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 3(4), pp. 195-208. Sewchurran, K. Barron, M., 2008. An investigation into successfully managing and sustaining the project sponsorproject manager relationship using soft systems methodology. Project Management Journal, 39(S1), p. S56S68. Sherrer, J. A., 2010. A PROJECT MANAGER'S GUIDE TO SYSTEMS THINKING, s.l.: Projectsmart. Small, J. Walker, D., 2010. Providing structural openness to connect with context: Seeing the project entity as a human activity system and social process. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 4(3), pp. 389-411. Svejvig, P. Andersen, P., 2015. Rethinking project management: A structured literature review with a critical look at the brave new world. International Journal of Project Management, Volume 33, p. 278290. Thomas, J. Mengel, T., 2008. Preparing project managers to deal with complexityAdvanced project management education, s.l.: Research Gate.

42432 Essays - Epistemologists, Rationalists, Ren Descartes

42432 Essays - Epistemologists, Rationalists, Ren Descartes 42432 art I: List at least four differences between Descartes and Locke on how we obtain knowledge. For Descartes, (1) knowledge relies completely on utter certainty. Because perception is undependable, (2) knowledge cannot come from our five senses. Descartes believes knowledge can come from experience and deduction. But for this philosopher, (3) he does not believe we gain knowledge from the outside world. Therefore it must come from within. In light to how we view things, Descartes believes that deduction ``can never be performed wrongly by an intellect which is in the least degree rational'', so deductive knowledge is (the only) certain knowledge. Such a system requires a basis of intuitively understood principles from which knowledge can be deduced. (4) He believes that there are some principles which are automatically known, just like the idea of the existence of ourselves and that of God's existence, these are principles which are ``revealed to [us] by natural light'' and ``cannot in any way be open to doubt''. In the end Descartes sees these principles as innate. On the opposite end, John Locke believes something completely different. (1) For starters, he does not believe that knowledge is certain, but that it is just is highly probable. He goes on to say that (2) knowledge comes from our fives sensations or our five senses. Those five senses come from the outside world. Locke disagrees with Descartes when he s...

Economy of Malaysia Essay Example

Economy of Malaysia Essay Example Economy of Malaysia Essay Economy of Malaysia Essay But subsidies are essential, and has always been so to ensure the survival of all persons in Malaysia especially those from the lower-incomes groups including the middle class. The plan of removing subsidies and using the money saved to channel financial assistance directly to the poor is being now thrown around. But alas, this really will not work given the rise of corruption and discrimination in Malaysia. Even today, there are many complaints that the NOUN-led BAN government discriminates against persons belonging to (or alleged to be supporters of) other Opposition parties/persons. Connections are important in Malaysia when it comes to receiving benefits and opportunities, and that is why it is best to Just maintain subsidies for all essential items that affect survival and normal day living of all Malaysian. Remember, subsidies are only for the basic needs. With the opening of markets, and the entry of foreign companies this will mean that the Malaysian government money may have to be given to these foreign companies as subsidies to maintain the low prices that people In Malaysia pays. Why pay the foreign companies? Because there Is no choice for Just paying local rent service/material providers as this would be a violation of the free trade equal competition requirement. Today, subsidies with regard to electricity Is paid to Teenage but when another foreign utilities company comes In, then that company too will have to be paid subsidies. Whose fault? The NOUN-led BAN government but we have to pay for Its mistakes In the past today and tomorrow. Subsidy, at best, Is a poor mechanism to make food/fuel/services affordable to the less fortunate. Because of the nature of goods and services being subsidized, preventing subsidy reaching the wrong hands Is difficult. Put It another way, getting subsidy to be enjoyed by the target people Is tough because these goods and services are consumed widely. Besides, subsidy often create distortions In a market- driven economy giving the false Impression that the cost of production Is low. Hence, subsidy should be given out to specific deserving Individuals through a concession system on selected goods and services (such as medicine, public services). A better form of assistance to deserving citizens Is through financial assistance paid according to needs. The people of a country must learn how to live according to oral prices and this will make It more In tune with global competition. Economics By Yakima as subsidies to maintain the low prices that people in Malaysia pays. Why pay the foreign companies? Because there is no choice for Just paying local equal competition requirement. Today, subsidies with regard to electricity is paid to Teenage but when another foreign utilities company comes in, then that company we have to pay for its mistakes in the past today and tomorrow. *Subsidy, at best, is a poor mechanism to make food/fuel/services affordable to the preventing subsidy reaching the wrong hands is difficult. Put it another way, getting subsidy to be enjoyed by the target people is tough because these goods and services are consumed widely. Besides, subsidy often create distortions in a market- driven economy giving the false impression that the cost of production is low. Hence, subsidy should be given out to specific deserving individuals through a concession system on selected goods and services (such as medicine, public services). A better form of assistance to deserving citizens is through financial assistance paid world prices and this will make it more in tune with global competition.

Brazil exchange rates regime history and analysis from 1960 to 1975 Essay

Brazil exchange rates regime history and analysis from 1960 to 1975 (economics paper) - Essay Example This period was also characterised by import substitution strategy that was aimed at improving balance of trade, however the policy maker later realised that the adjustments would be even more effectively managed using the exchange rate system. During the period Brazil exports become more competitive and there was slow inflation in the economy and it seized to be termed as a developing country, there are various reasons that led to the resistant of the policy makers to change the exchange rate regime. There are three types of exchange regimes and they include fixed exchange rate, float exchange rate and pegged exchange rate regime, the fixed exchange rate regime is that which the currency of a country has direct convertibility to another currency. The float rates is a regime that involves letting the supply and demand in the market to determine exchange rate but the economy can intervene in order to avoid depreciation, finally the pegged float is a regime where the currency is pegged to some value which is periodically adjusted or fixed. In 1968 pol Brazil exchange rate regime: In 1968 policy makers introduced a crawling peg system which was based on frequent and small adjustment in the exchange rate, the frequent adjustments were made to signify the changes in inflation and prices in Brazil, this exchange rate regime led to long term stability in the Brazilian currency the real and for this reason the policy makers did not find any reason to change the exchange rate regime at the time. The pegged exchange system reduced uncertainty in exchange rates of the currency, this is because the individuals would have the knowledge that the currency would not devalue or revalue by a large margin and for this reason future production was made easier regarding production. This system that Brazil adopted also reduced speculative attacks associated with other forms of exchange systems, however the economy could not get speculative gains from this type of exchange rate system. During this period also Brazil experienced slow inflation and prices become more competitive in the international market, this system also allowed the country to improve its balance of payment and therefore policy makers did not have the need to change the exchange rate regime due to the high growth experienced. During this period the policy makers believed that the balance of trade was best managed through trade policies such as tariffs, subsidies and import control, for this reason therefore there was increased industrial expansion to undertake import substitution and this ed to spectacular growth in brazil, Brazil exports become more competitive in the international due to slow inflation in the economy and Brazil seized to be termed as a developing country. Due to this strategy therefore the policy makers did not concentrate much on the significance of the exchange regime to manage balance of trade. However the policy maker later realised that the adjustments would be even more effectively managed using the exchange rate system. Before 1971 the US had not floated its currency and because

Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy Term Paper

Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy - Term Paper Example In this sense, Dr. Thunder can be asserted as being a low-involvement brand. There have been no major advertising campaigns run by Wal-Mart to market Dr. Thunder as a brand. For this reason, the recommended marketing strategy is a newly developed. The reason behind developing a new marketing strategy for Dr. Thunder is to highlight the subliminal attraction of the brand, as the brand name is similar to internationally popular Dr. Pepper. Market Size, Performance and Growth From the review of U.S Census on the size of the market segment to which the marketing campaign of Dr. Thunder would target, it has been found that the marketing campaign would target around 3 million Americans. Over the past 10 years, it has been noticed that the target market segment has grown for about 7.7% (United States Census Bureau, 2013). Moreover, the target segment would expand by another 8.9% in the coming ten years. Upon understanding the dynamics of soft drink industry in USA, it is found that the foll owing three factors have an impact on the consumer behavior of this industry: 1. The top most influential factor in this regard is health concerns amongst consumer circles. Consumers perceive that carbonated or fizzy drinks have wrong affects on their health and thus avoid drinking soft drinks at all or usually purchase these drinks. 2. Size and design of the packaging also influences consumer behavior. If a soft drink is offered in a glass bottle, it is not possible for customers to take it home or travel along with a bottled soft drink. On the other hand, a canned or plastic bottled soft drink would be seen as facilitating and thus consumers would prefer to purchase it. 3. Lastly, the soft drink industry in the world is perceived as the most competent and saturated industry. Presence of single handedly market share sweeping companies like Pepsi and Coca Cola makes it difficult for other brands to survive in the market (Mise, Nair, Odera, & Ogutu, 2013). Reference Group and Diffusi on of the Marketing Campaign Soft drink brands are usually more popular amongst younger target audience. For this reason, it can be asserted that the most influential reference group for Dr. Thunder would be the social circle of teenagers. As the majority of the US population is comprised by young generation, and the social circle of young audience is identified as the most influential reference group, it can be suggested that a marketing strategy focused on targeting a younger audience would achieve the quickest diffusion rate. Moreover, adopting a deterministic model would help Wal-Mart to the state of acceptance by a particular segment of buyers of Dr. Thunder and overcome the flaws in production and marketing strategies. The diffusion determinants pertaining to Dr. Thunder are the perceived health advantages to customers, low riskiness in purchase, easy to use packaging of the drink and ability to quench thirst (Saha & Theingi, 2009). Diffusion Enhancement Strategy To enhance th e diffusion rate for Dr. Thunder, the marketing strategy would primarily target college and school students. Moreover, the target audience belonging to the age bracket of 25-30 years would also be focused in the marketing strategy. To attract the attention of the target audienc